Analyst Classifications

Subject:

Vibration Principles: (6 hours)

• Basic motion
• Period, Frequency
• Amplitude (Peak, Peak-to-Peak, RMS)
• Measurements (Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration)
• Units, Unit Conversions
• Time Orbital and Frequency Domains
• Phase
• Natural Frequency, Resonance, Critical Speeds
• Shaft and Casing Vibration

Data Acquisition: (6 hours)

• Instrumentation (and acquire readings)
• Transducers
• Sensor Mounting, Mounted Natural Frequency
• Test Procedures
• Computer Database Upload/Download
• Recognition of Poor Data
• Vibration System Calibration

Signal Processing: (2 hours)

• FFT Application

Condition Monitoring: (4 hours)

• Vibration Severity
• Recognition of Baseline Variations

Fault Analysis: (4 hours)

• Basic Spectrum Analysis
• Spectral Harmonics and Sidebands

Acceptance Testing: (2 hours)

• Test Procedures

Equipment Testing and Diagnostics: (2 hours)

• Process Safety

Fault Severity Determination: (2 hours)

• Levels (Overall, Narrowband, Component)

Field Balancing: (2 hours)

• Single-plane

Subject:

Vibration Principles: (2 hours)

• Basic Motion
• Period, Frequency
• Amplitude (Peak, Peak-to-Peak, RMS)
• Measurements (Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration)
• Units, Unit Conversions
• Time Orbital and Frequency Domains
• Vectors, Modulation
• Phase
• Natural Frequency, Resonance, Critical Speeds
• Shaft and Casing Vibration

Data Acquisition: (2 hours)

• Instrumentation (and acquire readings)
• Transducers
• Sensor Mounting, Mounted Natural Frequency
• Fmax Acquisition Time
• Proximity Sensor Conventions
• Triggering
• Test Planning
• Test Procedures
• Recognition of Poor Data
• Vibration System Calibration

Signal Processing: (4 hours)

• Analogue and Digital; Sampling
• FFT Application
• Windows (Uniform, Hanning, Flat-top)
• Filters (Low pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Tracking)
• Anti-aliasing
• Band-width, Resolution
• Noise Reduction
• Averaging (Linear, Synchronous Time, Exponential)
• Dynamic Range
• Run-out Compensation

Condition Monitoring: (2 hours)

• Vibration Severity
• Alarm Set-up (Narrowband , Envelope)
• Baseline Assessments, Trending
• Route/Task Planning
• Alternate Technologies (e.g. Oil Analysis, Wear Debris Analysis, Infrared Thermography, Motor Current Analysis, Acoustic Emission)
• Recognition of Baseline Variations
• Alarm and Trip Level Determination
• Integrated Health Analysis

Fault Analysis: (6 hours)

• Basic Spectrum Analysis
• Spectral Harmonics and sidebands
• Time Waveform Analysis
• Phase Analysis
• Transient Analysis
• Orbital Analysis
• Shaft Centre-line Analysis
• Enveloping
• Mass Unbalance
• Misalignment
• Concentricity Errors
• Mechanical Looseness
• Rubs
• Instabilities
• Shaft Bow
• Bearing (Rolling Element, Journal) Defects
• Electric Motor Defects
• Gearbox Defects
• Resonance and Critical Speeds

Corrective Action Recognition: (2 hours)

• Shaft Alignment
• Concentricity
• Balancing
• Basic Maintenance Action
• Lubrication

Acceptance Testing: (2 hours)

• Test Procedures
• Specifications and Relevant Standards
• Acceptance Test Reporting

Equipment Testing and Diagnostics: (2 hours)

• Impact Testing
• Forced Response Testing (e.g. Coherence, Transfer Function)
• Modal Analysis
• Process Safety

Reference Standards: (1 hours)

• Relevant International (ISO, IEC), National and Regional Standards

Reporting and Documentation: (1 hours)

• Vibration CM Reports
• Machine History Records
• Decision Making and Recommend Action

Fault Severity Determination: (3 hours)

• Levels (Overall, Narrowband, Component)
• Spectrum Analysis
• Time Waveform and Orbit Analysis
• Severity Charts, Graphs, Formulae

Theoretical Rotor and Bearing Dynamics (1 hours)

• Rotor Characteristics
• Bearing Characteristics

Field Balancing: (2 hours)

• Single-plane
• Two-plane

Subject:

Vibration Principles: (1 hour)

• Basic Motion
• Period, Frequency
• Amplitude (Peak, Peak-to-Peak, RMS)
• Measurements (Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration)
• Units, Unit Conversions
• Time Orbital and Frequency Domains
• Vectors, Modulation
• Phase
• Natural Frequency, Resonance, Critical Speeds
• Force, Response, Damping, Stiffness
• Instabilities, Non-linear Systems
• Mode Shapes

Data Acquisition: (1 hour)

• Instrumentation (and acquire readings)
• Dynamic Range
• Transducers
• Sensor Mounting, Mounted Natural Frequency
• Fmax Acquisition Time
• Proximity Sensor Conventions
• Triggering
• Test Planning
• Test Procedures
• Recognition of Poor Data
• Vibration System Calibration

Signal Processing: (5 hours)

• RMS/Peak Detection
• Analogue/Digital Conversion
• Analogue and Digital; Sampling
• FFT Computation
• Windows (Uniform, Hanning, Flat-top)
• Filters (Low pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Tracking)
• Anti-aliasing
• Band-width, Resolution
• Noise Reduction
• Averaging (Linear, Synchronous Time, Exponential)
• Dynamic Range
• Signal to Noise Ratio
• Spectral Maps
• Run-out Compensation

Condition Monitoring: (2 hours)

• Computer Database Set-up and Maintenance
• Equipment Evaluation and Prioritization
• CM Program Design
• Alarm Set-up (Narrowband and Envelope)
• Baseline Assessments, Trending
• Route/Task Planning
• Alternate Technologies (e.g. Oil Analysis, Wear Debris Analysis, Infrared Thermography, Motor Current Analysis, Acoustic Emission)
• Alarm and Trip Level Determination
• Procedure Writing (and methods of working)
• CM Program Implementation and Management
• Integrated Health Analysis
• Prognostics

Fault Analysis: (6 hours)

• Basic Spectrum Analysis
• Spectral Harmonics and Sidebands
• Time Waveform Analysis
• Phase Analysis
• Transient Analysis
• Orbital Analysis
• Shaft Centre-line Analysis
• Enveloping
• Mass Unbalance
• Misalignment
• Concentricity Errors
• Mechanical Looseness
• Rubs
• Instabilities
• Shaft Bow
• Bearing (Rolling Element, Journal) Defects
• Electric Motor Defects
• Flow Induced Vibration, Aerodynamics and Liquids
• Gearbox Defects
• Resonance and Critical Speeds

Corrective Action Recognition: (4 hours)

• Shaft Alignment
• Concentricity
• Balancing
• Machine Part Replacement
• Flow Control
• Isolation and Damping
• Resonance Control
• Basic Maintenance Action
• Lubrication

Acceptance Testing: (1 hour)

• Specifications and Relevant Standards
• Acceptance Test Reporting

Equipment Testing and Diagnostics: (2 hours)

• Impact Testing
• Forced Response Testing (e.g. Coherence, Transfer Function)
• Transient Testing
• Damping Evaluation
• Operating Deflection Shapes
• Modal Analysis
• Torsional Vibration
• Axial Vibration and Thrust
• Process Safety

Reference Standards: (1 hour)

• Relevant International (ISO, IEC), National and Regional Standards

Reporting and Documentation: (1 hour)

• Machine History Records
• Vibration Diagnostic Reports
• Vibration Prognostic Reports
• Failure Investigation Report
• Decision Making and Recommend Action

Fault Severity Determination: (2 hours)

• Levels (Overall, Narrowband, Component)
• Spectrum Analysis
• Time Waveform and Orbit Analysis
• Severity Charts, Graphs, Formulae

Theoretical Rotor and Bearing Dynamics: (2 hours)

• Rotor Characteristics
• Bearing Characteristics
• Rotor Dynamic Computation (using approved procedures)
• Rotor Dynamic Fault Modeling

Field Balancing: (2 hours)

• Single-plane
• Two-plane
• Multi-plane

Subject:

Vibration Principles: (2 hours)

• Vectors, Modulation
• Phase
• Natural Frequency, Resonance, Critical Speeds
• Force, Response, Damping, Stiffness
• Instabilities, Non-linear Systems
• Mode Shapes

Data Acquisition: (2 hours)

• Instrumentation (and acquire readings)
• Dynamic Range
• Test Planning
• Test Procedures
• Vibration System Calibration

Signal Processing: (6 hours)

• RMS/Peak Detection
• Analogue/Digital Conversion
• Analogue and Digital; Sampling
• FFT Computation
• Filters (Low pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Tracking)
• Anti-aliasing
• Band-width, Resolution
• Averaging (Linear, Synchronous Time, Exponential)
• Dynamic Range
• Signal to Noise Ratio
• Spectral Maps

Condition Monitoring: (2 hours)

• Computer Database Set-up and Maintenance
• Equipment Evaluation and Prioritization
• CM Program Design
• Alternate Technologies (e.g. Oil Analysis, Wear Debris Analysis, Infrared Thermography, Motor Current Analysis, Acoustic Emission)
• Alarm and Trip Level Determination
• Procedure Writing (and methods of working)
• CM Program Implementation and Management
• Integrated Health Analysis
• Prognostics

Fault Analysis: (4 hours)

• Spectral Harmonics and Sidebands
• Transient Analysis
• Enveloping
• Mass Unbalance
• Misalignment
• Concentricity Errors
• Mechanical Looseness
• Rubs
• Instabilities
• Shaft Bow
• Bearing (Rolling Element, Journal) Defects
• Electric Motor Defects
• Flow Induced Vibration, Aerodynamics and Liquids
• Gearbox Defects
• Resonance and Critical Speeds

Corrective Action Recognition: (6 hours)

• Shaft Alignment
• Concentricity
• Balancing
• Machine Part Replacement
• Flow Control
• Isolation and Damping
• Resonance Control
• Basic Maintenance Action

Equipment Testing and Diagnostics: (5 hours)

• Impact Testing
• Forced Response Testing (e.g. Coherence, Transfer Function)
• Transient Testing
• Damping Evaluation
• Operating Deflection Shapes
• Modal Analysis
• Torsional Vibration
• Axial Vibration and Thrust
• Coupled Torsional and Lateral Vibration

Reference Standards: (2 hours)

• Relevant International (ISO, IEC), National and Regional Standards

Reporting and Documentation: (1 hour)

• Vibration Prognostic Reports
• Failure Investigation Report
• Decision Making and Recommend Action
• Expert Witness

Fault Severity Determination: (2 hours)

• Spectrum Analysis
• Time Waveform and Orbit Analysis
• Severity Charts, Graphs, Formulae

Theoretical Rotor and Bearing Dynamics: (6 hours)

• Rotor Characteristics
• Bearing Characteristics
• Rotor Dynamic Computation (using approved procedures)
• Rotor Dynamic Fault Modeling

Field Balancing: (2 hours)

• Single-plane
• Two-plane
• Multi-plane
• Balancing Evaluation

Subject:

Category

I

II

III

IV

1. VIBRATION PRINCIPLES:

Basic motion

X

X

X

Period, frequency

X

X

X

Amplitude (Peak, peal-to-peak, RMS)

X

X

X

Parameters (Displacement, velocity, acceleration)

X

X

X

Units, unit conversions

X

X

X

Time and frequency domains

X

X

X

Vectors, modulation

X

X

Phase

X

X

X

Natural frequency, resonance, critical speeds

X

X

X

X

Force, response, damping, stiffness

X

X

Instabilities, non-linear systems

X

2. DATA ACQUISITION:

Instrumentation

X

X

X

X

Dynamic range, signal to noise ratio

X

X

Transducers

X

X

X

Sensor mounting, mounted natural frequency

X

X

X

Fmax acquisition time

X

X

Proximity sensor conventions

X

X

Triggering

X

X

Test planning

X

X

X

Test procedures

X

X

X

X

Data formats

X 

Computer database upload/download

X

Recognition of poor data

X

X

X

3. SIGNAL PROCESSING

RMS/peak detection

X

Analogue/digital conversion

X

Analogue recording and digital sampling

X

X

X

FFT computation

X

X

FFT application

X

X

Time windows (Uniform, Hanning, flat-top)

X

X

Filters (Low pass, high pass, band pass, tracking)

X

X

X

Anti-aliasing

X

X

X

Bandwidth, resolution

X

X

X

Noise reduction

X

X

Averaging (Linear, synchronous time, exponential)

X

X

X

Dynamic range

X

X

X

Signal to noise ratio

X

Spectral maps

X

X

4. CONDITION MONITORING:

Computer database set-up and maintenance

X

Equipment evaluation and prioritization

X 

Monitoring program design

X 

X

X

Alarm set-up (Narrowband, envelope)

X 

Baseline assessments, trending

X

X

Route planning

X

X

Alternate technologies (e.g. oil analysis, wear debris analysis, infrared thermography, motor current analysis, acoustic emmission)

X

X 

Fault condition recognition

X 

X

5. FAULT ANALYSIS:

Spectrum analysis harmonics and sidebands

X

X

X

Time waveform analysis

X

X

Phase analysis

X

X

Transient analysis

X

X

Orbital analysis

X

X

Shaft center-line analysis

X

X

Enveloping

X

X

Mass unbalance

X

X

Misalignment

X

X

Mechanical looseness

X

X

Rubs, instabilities

X

X

Bearing defects (rolling element, journal)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

6. CORRECTIVE ACTION:

Shaft alignment

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Basic maintenance action

X

X

X

7. EQUIPMENT KNOWLEDGE:

Electric motors, generators and drives

X

X

X

Pumps and fans

X

X

X

Steam turbines, gas turbines

X

X

Compressors

X

X

X

Recprocating machinery

X

X

Rolling mills, paper machines, other process equipment

X

X

X

Machine tools

X

X

X

Structures, piping

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Journal bearings

X

X

X

X

X

X

8. ACCEPTANCE TESTING:

Test procedures

X

X

X

X

X

X

9. EQUIPMENT TESTING AND DIAGNOSTICS:

Impact testing

X

X

X

X

X

X

Transient analysis

X

X

Transfer functions

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

10. REFERENCE STANDARDS:

ISO

X

X

X

X

X

X

Relevant national standards

X

X

X

11. REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION:

Conditioning monitoring reports

X

X

X

X

X

12. FAULT SEVERITY DETERMINATION:

Spectrum analysis

X

X

X

X

X

Levels: overall, narrowband, component

X

X

Severity charts: graphs and formula 

X

X

X

13. ROTOR/BEARING DYNAMICS:

Rotor characteristics

Bearing characteristics

Rotor balancing

X